Analysis

For methodology of detection or determination of the substance, or its analysis (including bioassays); separation is also placed at this qualifier if the intent is analytical, otherwise "preparation" or "processes" (for removal) may be more appropriate.

Biological studies

For effects of the substance on animals, plants, bacteria, viruses, etc.; for nutritional, metabolic, and toxicity studies; for herbicidal, pesticidal, and pharmaceutical uses; for biological oxidation or reduction; for occurrence in biological system; and for incidental isolation in a fermentation study (but not for fermentative preparation)

Formation (nonpreparative)

For the incidental formation of the substance in a nonpreparative study

Miscellaneous

For studies on the substance not covered by other Type of Study headings

Occurrence

For the occurrence or detection of substances, including harmless substances resulting from human activities, in Earth, atmospheres, planets, and bodies in the cosmos, in other than biological systems

Preparation

For synthesis, recovery, purification, or separation of a desired substance; removal, other than as a preparative method, is indexed at "Processes"

Processes

For natural, physical, and complex chemical transformation of the substance and nonpreparative removal of the substance

Properties

For chemical, physical, kinetic, or thermodynamic properties of the substance

Reactions

For studies in which chemical bonds are made or broken, and for changes of atomic number or mass; for corrosion studies, neutralization, tautomerization, and isomerization

Uses

For nonbiological uses and applications of the substance, e.g., as a catalyst or phosphor

Acetals

Only for natural-products aldehydes and ketones whose names are not fully systematic and include implied chemistry, i.e., stereoparents

Anhydrides

For acid headings

Anhydrosulfides

For thio acid headings

Compounds

For addition compounds, complexes, mixtures, salts, solid solutions, reaction products, and a few unusual functional derivatives which are not sufficiently identified for complete naming

Derivatives (general)

For nonfunctional derivatives which are not sufficiently identified for complete naming

Esters

For acid and alcohol headings

Ethers

For the four specific carbohydrate headings: Cellulose, Dextran, Glycogen, and Starch

Hydrazides

For acid headings

Hydrazones

For aldehyde and ketone headings

Lactones

For hydroxy acid stereoparents

Mercaptals

For ketone stereoparents

Oxides

For amine headings

Oximes

For aldehyde and ketone headings

Polymers

For oligomers, homopolymers, and copolymers